The lymph drained from the bladder begins in a series of networks throughout the mucosal, muscular and serosal layers. ![]() Venous drainage begins in a network of small vessels on the lower lateral surfaces of the bladder, which coalesce and travel with the lateral ligaments of the bladder into the internal iliac veins. In females, the uterine and vaginal arteries provide additional blood supply. The lower part of the bladder is supplied by the inferior vesical artery, both of which are branches of the internal iliac arteries. The superior vesical artery supplies blood to the upper part of the bladder. The bladder receives blood by the vesical arteries and drained into a network of vesical veins. In women, it lies in front of the uterus, separated by the vesico-uterine pouch, and is supported by the elevator ani and the upper part of the vagina. In men, it lies in front of the rectum, separated by the recto-vesical pouch, and is supported by fibres of the levator ani and of the prostate gland. The bladder is located below the peritoneal cavity near the pelvic floor and behind the pubic symphysis. The uvula can enlarge when the prostate becomes enlarged. The middle lobe of the prostate causes an elevation in the mucous membrane behind the internal urethral orifice called the uvula of urinary bladder. In men, the prostate gland lies outside the opening for the urethra. Nearby structures Bladder location and associated structures in the male When well distended, the wall is normally less than 3 mm. ![]() The wall of the urinary bladder is normally 3–5 mm thick. It can also contract for a long time whilst voiding, and it stays relaxed whilst the bladder is filling. ![]() The detrusor muscle is able to change its length. The detrusor muscle is the muscular layer of the wall made of smooth muscle fibers arranged in spiral, longitudinal, and circular bundles. The walls of the bladder have a series of ridges, thick mucosal folds known as rugae that allow for the expansion of the bladder. It is an area of smooth tissue for the easy flow of urine into and from this part of the bladder - in contrast to the irregular surface formed by the rugae. The trigone is an area of smooth muscle that forms the floor of the bladder above the urethra. This makes the upper boundary of the trigone. Between the two ureteric openings is a raised area of tissue called the interureteric crest. These ureteric openings have mucosal flaps in front of them that act as valves in preventing the backflow of urine into the ureters, known as vesicoureteral reflux. The two ureters enter the bladder at ureteric orifices, and the urethra enters at the trigone of the bladder. In males the neck of the urinary bladder is next to the prostate gland. ![]() The neck of the bladder is the area at the base of the trigone that surrounds the internal urethral orifice that leads to the urethra. The peritoneum is carried by it from the apex on to the abdominal wall to form the middle umbilical fold. The apex (also called the vertex) is directed forward toward the upper part of the pubic symphysis, and from there the median umbilical ligament continues upward on the back of the anterior abdominal wall to the umbilicus. In gross anatomy, the bladder can be divided into a broad fundus, a body, an apex, and a neck. In humans, the bladder is a hollow muscular organ situated at the base of the pelvis. Further information: Urination § Anatomy of the bladder and outlet Male and female urinary bladders in lateral cross-section
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